The disease has a long incubation period and the animal may take several years to develop clinical symptoms, which typically include:
Related information about symptoms can be obtained here. |
The disease is transmitted by:
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Treatment of infected animals is not cost effective in cattle due to the lengthy (4-12 months) antibiotic course required, and hence rarely attempted. Controlling the movement of animals in the suspected herd, isolation of suspected animals, avoiding overcrowding, and following standard hygienic practices on the farm can help reduce the risk of infection. Improved surveillance efforts through tuberculin skin testing, efficient laboratory diagnosis, post-mortem inspection, and a test and segregation strategy can be advantageous in low- and middle-income countries. Efficient diagnosis is crucial for preventing the spread of bTB. Related information about the control strategies can be accessed here.
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Tuberculosis is caused in humans and cattle by closely related members of MTC and the transmission of MTC members from animals to humans is called zoonotic tuberculosis (zTB). The disease spreads to humans through direct contact with infected cattle, consumption of infected milk and undercooked meat products, and contact with infected tissues at butcheries or abattoirs. The control and eradication of zTB require prompt and early diagnosis of preclinical infection in animals, followed by the segregation of infected animals from the herd. Detailed information about the control of zTB can be obtained here.
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